Tuesday, October 14, 2014

19th Century American Glass Products and Their Relationship to American Utilitarian Potters

Earlier this year, I was shown a matching pair of red earthenware cup plates that were an exact match to a pair made by the Boston Glass Company (Ca. 1840) in Boston, Massachusetts or the Sandwich Glass Company (Ca. 1840) on Cape Cod Massachusetts; however the form was also made by the Pittsburgh Glass Company (Ca. 1840) in Pennsylvania. Previously, I had never seen anything like it before. I didn't even really know what to make of them. I assumed they must have been made by a potter near a glass factory that produced the form - but my understanding of this subject changed drastically yesterday when  I visited the New Bedford Glass Museum in southern Massachusetts.

Sign for the New Bedford, Mass. Museum

The museum focuses mainly on glass products made in the nineteenth and twentieth-centuries in New Bedford; although there is also a large collection of important glass made elsewhere that highlights the skill of early glass makers all-over New England in states like Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Connecticut. Ancient products right up through the modern twentieth-century are represented in the museum. The museum houses a large collection of Sandwich and Boston-made glass, Keene (New Hampshire) glass, Stoddard (New Hampshire) glass and Coventry (Connecticut) glass - and then all the usual suspects from New Bedford like Pairpoint Glass and Mount Washington Glass. There is also European glass that is directly associated with New England products, Waterford Crystal products and so much more.

New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
 New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum
New Bedford, Ma Glass Museum

What really shocked me was when I saw a small nineteenth-century American-made red earthenware molded bowl in the museum; the curator told me that it was molded from an actual American-made glass product. He said it was one of only three known today.

 19th Century Red Earthenware Bowl Molded from an Actual American-Made Glass Product
 19th Century Red Earthenware Bowl Molded from an Actual American-Made Glass Product
  19th Century Red Earthenware Bowl Molded from an Actual American-Made Glass Product
Ca. 1840-1865
This is Only 1 of 3 Known in this Style
Potter is Not Known
 
Another View of the Interior
 Another View of the Interior
 Another View of the Interior
 View of the Side
View of the Base

According to the museum: The dish is in the "Horn of Plenty" pattern - a pattern that was popular with many pressed glass manufacturers in the nineteenth-century.

Seeing this bowl reminded me of the cup plates I saw earlier this year; I asked the curator what he thought about the idea of American red earthenware potters using glass as inspiration for their products - and he told me that he didn't feel it had anything to do with location; instead he felt it was merely a potter getting their hands on a glass product that was then used as a mold for a red earthenware product. He said it could be as simple as a Maine potter who found a piece of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) glass nearby their business. He told me that there is no real direct correlation that could be used with a specific glass product, glass maker or a glass business - and a local potter. He continued to tell me that glass traveled a lot back then. As our discussion continued, he told me that he is a graduate of the Winterthur (Delaware) fellowship program and in that museum's collection is a piece of stoneware that was impressed with a piece of glass for decoration. He even told me that he has seen nineteenth-century American-made glass bear figurals copied by potters into red earthenware products. He said they are copied exactly. It was a very productive museum visit.

After wrapping up my museum visit, I figured since I was already in New Bedford, which has a few antique shops - I decided to pick my way through the city's stores. And luckily, I did find a few nice pieces of pottery.

 New Bedford Demolition & Salvage & Antique Co-Op Shop
 New Bedford Antiques Shop
This is the Same Building the New Bedford Glass Museum is Kept
 Acushnet Antiques Shop - New Bedford, Ma
New Bedford Antiques at the Cove

I actually came across a great piece of Charles A. Lawrence Pottery made in Beverly, Massachusetts in a shop - unfortunately, the seller had the jar attributed to the William Grueby Pottery in South Boston, Massachusetts. It was also priced expensively like most Grueby products are today; however these two businesses couldn't be more worlds apart in the type of clays they used; Grueby's products were made of a white clay body and Lawrence's were made of a red clay body. And red clay could easily be seen through chipping and on the base of this jar in the shop. Grueby Pottery also never painted any of their products (like seen on this jar) - they were all glazed. Lawrence used both glaze (in a traditional utilitarian red earthenware manner glaze) and paint. I couldn't resist leaving a note telling the seller and prospective buyers what this jar actually was. I feel a product from Lawrence Pottery is much rarer than the dozens upon dozens and dozens more of forms of Grueby Pottery known today.

Ca. Lawrence Pottery Red Earthenware Jar - Beverly, Ma
Ca. 1870s or 1880s
Described as a William Grueby Product - South Boston, Ma
So…I Left a Sign Telling the Dealer and Prospective Buyers What the Jar Actually Is

Aside from this, I did very-well in New Bedford - I found a tremendous unmarked green glazed red earthenware pitcher in a vintage shop that I believe was made at the Merrimac Pottery Company in Newburyport, Massachusetts before 1904 (that's when an impressed stamp was incorporated on all products). It is similar to a jar I found in Salem, Massachusetts last week that I also believe is a Merrimac Pottery Company product.

Likely Merrimac Pottery Company Red Earthenware Green Glazed Pitcher - Newburyport, Ma
Probably Ca. 1897-1903
Found Yesterday in a Vintage Shop in New Bedford, Ma
Stands 6 1/2" Tall
 View of the Handle
 View of the Interior
 View of the Base
(Left) The Jar that was Found in Salem Last Week
Stands 5" Tall
It is Likely a Merrimac Pottery Company Product - Newburyport, Ma
Both Products Share a Similar Interior Glaze and a Similar Clay Color on the Base

I also found a wonderful painted red earthenware bird bath that I believe was made at Charles A. Lawrence's Pottery in Beverly in either the 1880s or the 1890s. It was found in the same store as the jar I previously described with the Grueby attribution. I have seen a similar paint scheme and incised line work on other pieces of Beverly pottery I already own. I am kind of puzzled on this piece; the base is flat, so I am unsure if the bowl was meant to be on top of a pedestal that is now lost or if it was only meant to rest on a flat surface. I am also not sure if this large bowl was strictly ornamental or if it was meant to be used in the yard. The seller had it simply described as a, "garden bowl."

 Likely 19th Century C.A. Lawrence Pottery Painted Red Earthenware Bowl - Beverly, Ma
Notice all the Incised Lines
Probably Ca. 1880s or 1890s
Found Yesterday in an Antique Shop in New Bedford, Ma for $17
Stands 4 5/8" Tall
 Interior View of the Bowl
Measures 13" Across
View of the Base

If you can notice in the picture below, a small amount of clay has been exposed around the inner rim - this is the expected clay color I have come to know as a Beverly product. The weight of the bowl also feels correct.

Exposed Clay Around the Inner Rim 

I think New Bedford is a pretty good city for picking antiques - like most places, it is completely hit or miss, but I have done pretty well there. I also highly suggest anyone who appreciates history, art and/or glass to check out the New Bedford Glass Museum. It's well worth the visit! 

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Monday, October 13, 2014

The 47th Annual Keene, New Hampshire Bottle Show and Picking for EarlyPottery in New Hampshire

Yesterday marked the 47th annual gathering of the Keene, New Hampshire bottle show; a show that I attended in hopes that there would be an opportunity to purchase pottery that was recently discovered. For some reason, American-made utilitarian bottles and utilitarian pottery go hand-in-hand with many bottle shows; stoneware is often found at these types of shows - and occasionally so isn't red earthenware.

Location of the 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show - Keene High School
This was Taken When I Arrived at 7:45am

I arrived at the show just before the early buyers were aloud in at 8:00am. When we were let in - I walked around quickly peering all-over the tables in search of what may be a hidden gem at the show; however I didn't see a whole lot. The show was loaded with all sorts of incredible glass - and even some stoneware, but nothing I had to have. I did see a nice pair of New England-made nineteenth-centuyr painted tin boxes for only $40 that eventually ended up on glass auctioneer, Norman Heckler's table, but I didn't have to have those either. Then I came across one of the finest slip decorated red earthenware strainers I have ever seen. The dealer told me he just found it in an attic in an upstate New York home. It was very cheaply priced - so I didn't hesitate to purchase it. The dealer told me he didn't know anything about red earthenware; although he was happy it was going to a collector (I will show pictures of this at another time).

 The Early Buyers Line Just Before 8:00am
 The Lobby to the Show
  The Lobby to the Show
 The 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show
 The 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show
 The 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show
 The 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show
 The 47th Annual Keene, NH Bottle Show
 Norman Heckler Auctions was at the Show - Woodstock Valley, Ct
 Glass Works Auctions was at the Show - Lambertville, NJ
American Glass Gallery Auctions was at the Show - New Hudson, Mi
Sample of the Red Earthenware and Stoneware at the Keene, NH Bottle Show

By 8:30am, I had seen just about everything the show had to offer. I wanted to pick my way through the shops in this part of New Hampshire as I traveled home - unfortunately it was Sunday and none of the shops were open until 10:00a - so I passed the time by chatting with some of the dealers in the room who I am friends with like Jeff and Holly Noordsy and Matt King.

Before I left, I did one last walk around the room - and surprisingly, a dealer had put out a piece of (red?) earthenware that was not out on the table when I initially walked around the room. This piece was also very fairly priced. I also purchased this piece. It is in the form of a molded George Washington head that is intended to be used as a pitcher. It is decorated in an Albany slip glaze (brown) with gold-leaf paint carefully placed.

The dealer told me it has a long history in an elderly woman's home in Mattapoisett, Massachusetts, which is in Plymouth County not too far from New Bedford. She said she just recently purchased it directly out of the house. The pitcher was still covered in dirt and dust when I found it at the show.

 Albany Slip Glazed Molded (Red?) Earthenware Pitcher in the Form of George Washington's Head
Ca. 19th or Very Early 20th Century
Stands 9 3/4" Tall at the Highest Point
Purchased Yesterday at the Keene, NH Bottle Show
Originally Found in a Home in Mattapoisett, Ma
 View of the Side and the Handle
 View of the Interior
View of the Base

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Saturday, October 11, 2014

The 2014 ADA Deerfield, Mass. Antiques Show - and an Antiques Shop in Orange, Massachusetts: My Day in Western Massachusetts

I spent most of my day today at the the annual ADA (Antiques Dealers Association) antiques show held at Historic Deerfield, Massachusetts (Deerfield Academy). It's one of the country's premier shows for pre-1840 American antiques (also imported antiques). The show features some of the country's most prominent dealers and some of the people who have greatly influenced me in my studies. I did purchase a very rare nineteenth-century New England-made red earthenware ring flask from Robesonia, Pennsylvania dealer, Greg Kramer at the show; however I am going to save that for the end of this report. In the meantime, I have an interesting story to tell of what happened to me after I left the show.

ADA Deerfield, Mass Antiques Show Brochure
October 11 & 12, 2014
 A Home that is Part of the Historic Deerfield, Ma Community
Looks at the Size of those Gourds!
Another Home that is Part of the Historic Deerfield, Ma Community
The House Was Originally Built in 1742
It Was Left Unpainted Until 1802 When It Was Originally Painted Blue

On may home this evening, I was in desperate need of gas; I pulled off Route 2 in Orange, Massachusetts to search for a gas station. And as my gas tank neared empty, I found a Cumberland Farms with gas pumps; however across the street was an antique shop that closed at 5pm and it was 4:45pm. The shop was called, North Quabbin Antiques (the shop was in Orange)I decided to investigate. The shop owner told me her parents own the business and everything in the shop was purchased/discovered by her family. She said it was not a multi-dealer shop. She told me that everything comes from local homes by way of her family, local pickers and a weekly auction held every Friday. Inside this shop - I found a wonderful earthenware vase in a beautiful variegated blue glaze. I was told the vase was found in a home in Orange in the past week. It's a form made by many art potters at the turn of the twentieth-century, but this specific form was different from a lot of those products.

 North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
  North Quabbin Antiques - Orange, Ma
The Vase as I Found it in the Antique Shop

As soon as I picked the vase up, I knew exactly who the potter was who made it - Wiliam J. Walley ran a pottery in West Sterling, Massachusetts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries. Walley was a traditional red earthenware utilitarian potter who altered his product line to meet the demands of the marketplace after 1890. It should also be noted that West Sterling is only about thirty-miles east of Orange. The weight of the vase and glaze colors are both characteristics that I would expect to see on a product made by Walley. It's not Walley's most prolific or detailed work, but it is still a very nice example of an important Arts and Crafts potter in Massachusetts. 

 William J. Walley Earthenware Vase - West Sterling, Ma
Ca. Early 20th Century
Found Today in Orange, Ma
Stands 2 1/4" Tall
Measures 3 3/4" Wide at Opening
Wonderful Blue Glaze

Also in this shop, I found a very interesting brass lamp base with an ovoid red earthenware body. The brass base features four feet that are decorated in some kind of bird of prey's claws. It is also heavily decorated in brass flowers. I have never seen anything like this before. I am confident that a lamp maker and a red earthenware potter collaborated together on this product; although I have no idea where to start with who that potter may have been. It appears like a late nineteenth-century product. I'd like to believe this is an American product that was possibly made in New England, but I have no actual proof of that yet. It will certainly serve as a fun research subject for me in the future. For now, I will probably repurpose it into a bowl. 

The best part about my stop at this shop: both of these products only cost me twenty-five-dollars.

 Likely 19th Century Red Earthenware and Brass Lamp Vase
I Am Hoping it was Made in New England
Found Today in Orange, Ma
Measures 6 1/2" Tall
 View of the Interior
Notice the Detailed Decoration on the Brass

Now without further hesitation - here is the red earthenware ring flask that I purchased today at the Deerfield Show. The small hole is where liquid was poured into. A cork would have been used to seal it. This form was often used by field workers, who would have been in need to quench their thirsts throughout the day - and this flask served an easy way to fill that need. I have little doubt this was made in New England in the nineteenth-century. It is only the sixth ring flask made in New England that I have seen; the others all reside in private collections today - three of those are attributed to Massachusetts and the remaining two were made in Maine. I have not made up my mind yet where I think this ring flask was made; however I am ruling out Connecticut and Rhode Island.

The decoration is wonderful! It is glazed with manganese and slip - as well as a clear lead glaze, which creates a three colored composition. It's just a great piece, with a great form and in great condition. I love it!

 19th Century New England-Made Red Earthenware Ring Flask
Wonderful Colors - Manganese and Slip Was Spread All Over the Flask
Purchased from Pennsylvania Dealer, Greg Kramer
Measures 8 1/2" in Diameter
 The Hole is Where Liquid Was Poured Into
It Would Have Been Sealed with a Cork
View of the Back - This Side is Actually Flat

Today was a great day - filled with fun conversations with dealers and collectors. The atmosphere was made up with really nice, educated people. If you haven't been this year and you have an interest - I would highly recommend going to the show. You won't be disappointed. There's lots to see - all of which I promise is museum quality.

Please Stay Tuned…Much More to Come...

Thursday, October 2, 2014

A Possibly Very-Rare Example of Dated American (Maybe New England) 19th Century Red Earthenware

An example of nineteenth-century red earthenware that has really peaked my interest over the past month - is this miniature pitcher or creamer, which was found in the antique fields at Brimfield, Massachusetts in early September. It sits on a bay window in my house filled with eighteenth and nineteenth-century red earthenware plates, pans and platters that overlook my backyard full of gardens and ponds. Unfortunately, it's the time of year where a lot of those plants begin to die back. In front of all of those plates, pans and platters - sits a group of miniatures pieces of pottery all made in New England. I've pulled this particular piece off the shelf a few times in the past week and looked at it in curiosity over what the potter was thinking when he made it. It's covered in a wonderful manganese glaze that almost appears like a deep plum color.

Aside from the glaze and form, what's really spectacular about this piece - is the base appears to have been inscribed with pencil, "Year 1844." The hand-writing is a bit difficult to read; however that is how it appears to me. Appropriately, the word, "Year" is written in cursive, which would make sense for the period; although I have no proof that the writing is actually original. But, why would someone go to the trouble of writing of all things, "Year 1844." If they wanted to get creative, there are many other avenues they could have gone down.

The overall form was made by a number of potters in New England, but it was also used in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. The pot is very skillfully potted. It features a rounded foot, an applied handle and a line that separates the body from the neck and the spout. Interestingly, the base is inverted - which is very seldomly seen from early American potters. Bases are typically flat from how they sat on the potter's wheel. Sometimes there was an applied cupped or ringed base; however an inverted base from an American potter is rare.

I am not positive where this piece was made; I want to say it was made in Essex County Massachusetts due to the glaze, but I am not a hundred-percent positive of that. I do feel that 1844 is an appropriate period for this piece to have been manufactured.  It's small size, glaze, skill, proportions, inverted base and the writing on the bottom left little hesitation when I saw this piece for sale in Brimfield. It continues to fascinate me to this day. I am hopeful that I can eventually determine who the maker was since the inverted base is rather unique. And maybe the writing holds some truth into who that potter may be. It's the skillfully made pieces that you never have a definite answer for that can sometimes be the most fascinating!

 19th Century Red Earthenware Miniature Pitcher or Creamer
Found in Brimfield, Ma September 2014
Ca. 1820-1860
Stands 3 3/8" Tall
 View of the Handle
 Another Side View
Wonderful Glaze Colors
 View of the Front and Spout
 View of the Interior
The Bottom Appears to Read, "Year 1844"

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...