Thursday, December 31, 2015

A Nice Example of Red Earthenware Discovered in an Online Marketplace from a Buffalo, New York Antiques Dealer

eBay is a huge marketplace, full of objects, from all-over the world. Ultimately, it has to be the world's largest online marketplace. I would compare it to an endless flea market. I don't look on eBay too-often for pottery since I would rather handle the object before I purchase it; although, I did conduct a quick search last week. I came across a colorfully-glazed red earthenware vase from a seller, who was located in Buffalo, New York - I purchased the vase as a 'Buy It Now' option for only, $17.95.

The vase spoke to me suggesting that it was made at the William J. Walley ( 1852-1919) Pottery (1898-1919) in West Sterling, Massachusetts, which is a potter's business that I discussed in-detail a few days ago. Ironically, I don't necessarily search for Walley's art pottery products; although, I have managed to accumulate about one-half-dozen examples through my picking efforts. The most I've ever paid for an example of Walley's work was $75.00. However, the remainder were all priced at under $20.00. I have been lucky seeing that Walley's quality artware typically sells in the $750 to $5,000 range today.

Unfortunately, this object is not marked with one of the company's tell-tale stamps, 'W.J.W.' (William J. Walley) or 'W.S.H.' (Worcester State Hospital) that Walley is known for today; none-the-less, it is marked on the based with a hand-inscribed capitalized 'H.' Whether that stands for 'Hospital,' 'Worcester State Hospital' or something (or someone) else is, yet to be determined.

This is a form that Walley is known for today. A similar form is pictured in Massachusetts auctioneer and author, Paul Royka's book, 'Fireworks: New England Art Pottery of the Arts & Crafts Movement.' Coincidentally, the cover of the book is decorated with a large grouping of pottery made by Walley.

A few more characteristics that suggest 'why' I believe this product was made in West Sterling before 1919 include a similar-type of glaze that is seen on some of Walley's products marked with the 'W.J.W.' stamp - and, this is the classic-styled base that Walley is also known for today.

There are a number of reasons why I enjoy Walley's work today - although, the biggest reason is probably the fact that Walley was a talented potter, who worked in both the utilitarian red earthenware and stoneware markets after 1870; however, as those industries began to fade towards the end of the nineteenth-century, he changed the face of his company to correspond with the demand found in the American art pottery market. Essentially, Walley was a 'one-man' operation, who conducted businesses similar to how the famous art potter, George Ohr operated in Biloxi, Mississippi during the same period.

Walley's method was comparable to how the more-traditional country-style red earthenware potters would have operated in New England before 1850 - everything he did, whether it was digging the clay, throwing the pots or firing the objects was accomplished in a more-traditional sense versus how the Industrial Revolution altered the appearance of the small-scaled potter's business in New England after 1860.

 Early-20th Century Hand-Thrown Red Earthenware Vase
Possibly Made at the William J. Walley Pottery in West Sterling, Mass.
Stands 4 1/2" Tall
Recently Purchased on eBay from a Dealer Located in Buffalo, NY
 View of the Interior
View of the Base

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Wednesday, December 30, 2015

A Red Earthenware Pot Dug in the Backyard at 28 Kent Street in Newburyport, Massachusetts

The first home that my parents restored in Newburyport, Massachusetts was located in the center of the city at 28 Kent Street, which is a historic street; although, most streets, in Newburyport are historic for any given number of reasons. I don't know the history of ownership for this house, but I had always believed that it dated from the late-eighteenth or early-nineteenth-century; however, the city has the home listed as a later building in its historic property surveys.

The information that the city has on record states that, "This large Greek Revival dwelling was built between 1850 and 1870 (they list it as circa 1850-1851). Although, a later example, the house does have many of the features characteristic of the style." The city goes on to further describe this house as a building that was originally built as a boarding home for nearby mill workers in the nineteenth-century. Personally, I don't feel this information is correct - I believe the original owner of this house was a person, who had some means of wealth in respect to the size of the house, the location to the waterfront, the many fireplaces and the architecture that is found throughout the house. The survey may need to be updated since this information was filed on July 28, 1980.

I looked at some of the other properties in Newburyport that I am familiar with, which were also surveyed in 1980 - and, I found questionable dates with some of those homes, too. None-the-less, this is an old home with a huge attic. I always felt it dated from the 1790 to 1810 period, but it could be a little later, as well. I'll ask my parents about it and see what they have to say.

 28 Kent Street - Newburyport, Mass.
Photo Taken on December 28th, 2015
This was the First Home that My Parents Restored in Newburyport, Mass.
 Another View of the House
Another View of the House

When I was reviewing this survey, I was surprised to see a photo that accompanied it, which was taken in 1980 - I believe my parents were still living in this house during that year. They eventually moved onto another project in the city, but I'm fairly certain that this was still their home in 1980. Unfortunately, the center chimney has been removed in recent years during a renovation - the chimney was attached to a few huge fireplaces on the first and second floors.

The black and white photograph shows, what I believe to be a friend of my father's pickup truck with a cap over the bed - and, my mother's Volkswagen Beetle, which is parked on the street in front of the house. This is a photo that I have never seen before - understandably, I was surprised to see it - it's kind of exciting. In fact, I was barely born in 1980. It's exciting, the stories that a still photograph, like this can potentially tell. I'm guessing that I'm somewhere in that house when this picture was taken.

My parents actually paid for this house with an antique inkwell collection that my mother had assembled in the 1970's. They sold the collection to pay for the house and its restoration. That inkwell collection was the foundation that helped fund future investments after they moved on from this home.

My mother collected inkwells, while my father collected antique bottles. They were also buying and selling antiques during this period - I can only imagine what must have been in this home, which was picked locally that they no longer own today.

Picking antiques in the 1970's and the early-1980's in coastal Massachusetts was a lot different than it is today. Many of the objects that were removed from these homes, during this period, have since gone onto private collections and national museums. My parents didn't have an interest in redware, but I assume they must have had the opportunity to buy some great red earthenware and even stoneware objects in the Newburyport-area during this period. I've heard some of the longtime collectors tell me stories about what they found during these years. In fact, one of the most important private collections in New England, which is still completely intact today was formed nearly entirely from picking Essex County, Massachusetts homes in the 1970's, the 1980's and the 1990's. Curiously, I wonder what kind of pottery was used at 28 Kent Street in the nineteenth-century. Pretty-much every home in this area must have used some kind of utilitarian pottery.

28 Kent Street Shown in a 1980 Survey Conducted by the City of Newburyport, Mass.
Page 1 of the Survey
They Survey was Conducted for the Newburyport Historical Commission
Courtesy: City of Newburyport, Mass.
Page 2 of the Survey
Courtesy: City of Newburyport, Mass.
28 Kent Street Pictured in 1980


When I originally established this website, three-years ago - one of the introductory articles discussed a red earthenware pot that my father dug in the backyard at 28 Kent Street. I did not show the house in that article. I had always felt that this pot was a late-eighteenth-century object from one of the local potteries, which operated in Newburyport from the 1740's to around 1805. Characteristically, that is how I would define this object. There were also not any known red earthenware potters in Newburyport during the 1800's (after 1805). The only known nineteenth-century businesses where located a few miles away in Merrimacport, Massachusetts from circa 1784 to the 1880's.

Now, that I am revisiting this subject - it seems that the foot on this pot is a characteristic that was seen on products made at the William Pecker Pottery (circa 1790-1820) and the Chase Family Pottery (circa 1820-1880s) in Merrimacport during the 1800's. It's very-possible that this pot could be related to this production, especially, since this is regarded as a nineteenth-century house made after 1805 (last known Newburyport red earthenware company before 1897).

 Early-19th Century Red Earthenware Pot
Dug in the Backyard at 28 Kent Street - Newburyport, Mass.
Possibly Made in Merrimacport, Mass.
Circa 1800-1850
Stands 8 3/8" Tall
View of the Interior
Another View of the Interior 
View of the Base and the Foot
This Type of Foot is Regularly Found on Products Produced in Merrimacport, Mass.

I had never considered the potters in Merrimacport as a possible place of manufacture for this pot, but it is certainly a possibility with how the foot appears This foot is very-similar to the bases seen on some of the objects in my collection that I attribute to the William Pecker Pottery. Red earthenware made at the Pecker Pottery has been discovered throughout the Newburyport-area in some of the area's older homes. Newburyport was certainly a target market for this business. The more I think about it - the more I realize that there is a strong possibility that this is where this pot was produced.

The following map shows the distance between the house at 28 Kent Street in Newburyport and Merrimacport - the potteries would have actually been located closer to the Merrimac River. You can probably envision how the businesses in Merrimacport would have floated their products upriver to Newburyport in the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries. 28 Kent Street is located about one-block from the river -and, a short distance from the downtown-area, where a delivery of pottery would have been originally deposited for distribution (or brought to a merchant).

The Distance Between 28 Kent St. and Merrimacport, Mass is About 9 Miles
Photo Courtesy: Mapquest

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Saturday, December 26, 2015

A Pair of Beautifully Glazed Red Earthenware Objects Discovered in a Shop in Southern Maine Today

I made a pair of spectacular discoveries earlier today in an antique shop in southern Maine - and, you may not believe what I paid.  These were discovered together placed directly next to each other. Take a moment and try and guess what I paid for each of  these objects. I'll tell you at the very-end of this article what I paid. But, before you guess - you may want to hear about the significance of this English-trained potter, first.

The potter, who is responsible for each of these objects was a focus in Lura Woodside Watkins book, 'Early New England Potters and Their Wares;' however, I would rather cite another book when describing these objects. I believe the 'other' book is briefer when describing this Massachusetts-based potter.

According to the book, 'Fireworks: New England Art Pottery of the Arts and Crafts Movement,' "William J. Walley was born in Ohio in 1852. When his father died, the family moved to England where, at the age of ten, Walley began working at the Minton Ceramics Factory. After eleven-years of grueling work, from 1862-1863, he was well-trained in all aspects of working a pottery. 

At twenty-one years of age, Walley returned to the United States and worked for a pottery in Maine. After a short stay he moved down to Worcester, Massachusetts, to work at the F.B. Norton Pottery Company, which began in 1858. The Norton Company was famous for its stoneware salt-glazed jugs. They also produced some stoneware items in natural forms such as umbrella stands in the forms of tree trunks. It is believed Walley influenced the creation of these objects. Walley was dissatisfied for financial reasons and had to leave the company.

Walley then purchased an old pottery that was formerly the Wachusett Pottery in West Sterling, Massachusetts. He unearthed his own red clay from a hillside behind the pottery then designed, modeled, fired, and sold his pottery by himself. 

Walley exhibited his pottery at the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts in 1907 and was given the title of Master Craftsman between 1908 and 1918.

Walley's ambitions and talents were not utilized solely for the purpose of a successful pottery operation. In 1913, he taught pottery making to patients at Worcester State Hospital in a craft program titled 'Industrial Therapeutics.' This form of therapy was created by the founder of the Marblehead (Massachusetts) Pottery, Dr. Herberet J. Hall.

Walley's pottery was the clear embodiment of the Arts and Crafts spirit. His glazes reflected the beauty of the fall leaves around his studio in Sterling, Massachusetts. His most intriguing works incorporated small elf-like figures sitting on handles or incorporated into the body of the vessel. Since Walley was a one-man operation, his works are relatively scare, especially outside the New England area. Walley was certainly familiar with the work of Hugh Robertson (Chelsea, Mass. Keramic Arts Works & Dedham, Mass. Pottery) and seemed to be able to master any glaze or form. He may have been inspired by the forms published in Keramic Studio or other potteries that exhibited at the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts. This could explain some of the architectural forms that had little to do with his natural surroundings. Walley's fine glazes on classical forms represent some of the finest works of the art pottery movement in America. William J. Walley's career ended upon his death in December 1917."


Late-19th or Early-20th Century Red Earthenware Objects Discovered in Maine Today
Attributed to the William J. Walley Pottery in West Sterling, Mass.
Neither Object is Marked, But Both Match Known Walley Products in Form, Glaze and the Base
Circa 1880-1917
(Left) Stands 3 3/4" Tall
(Right) Stands 4 1/4" Tall
 Another View of the Vases
 View of the Interiors
View of the Bases

Are you ready to hear what I paid!? I paid one-dollar each. They were filthy. They were filled with dirt as if they had lived in a cellar or an attic for decades. I'm assuming they were found recently during a house clean-out or purchased in a box lot at a low-level auction. They obviously cleaned up very-well!

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Thursday, December 24, 2015

A Pair of 19th Century Red Earthenware Objects that Were Discovered in Early Contexts of Ownership in Western Massachusetts

Yesterday, while riding my bike through Newburyport and Newbury, Massachusetts, I briefly stopped to admire one of my favorite eighteenth-century homes in the area. The following house is located near the upper green in Newbury, which is a pre-Revolutionary common. I guess it's the combination of the landscape, the architecture, the garden statues, the choice of paint colors, the center entrance, the pair of chimneys - and, the obvious history that originally attracted me to this house years ago when I was actually a little kid. It's always stood as a landmark (to me).

I recently asked my parents about the home - and, they told me that they believe the front door is actually original to an eighteenth-century house in Deerfield, Massachusetts. That's what they were told when they first moved to Newburyport in the 1970's. They've always had an appreciation for old homes - it's probably where my appreciation began. They've restored a couple of eighteenth and nineteenth-century homes in Newburyport.

Much like Newburyport and Newbury (and, West Newbury) - Deerfield is also an area that is filled with eighteenth-century homes. Regrettably, I don't know when the door was added to the house - I also don't know why the door may have been added - neither, do I know what happened to the original door. None-the-less, the new 'old' door looks great. It seems to be a flawless fit as a later addition to this period home.

Curiously, when I continued on my bike ride - I thought about Historic Deerfield. I wondered about the museum's collection of red earthenware and stoneware. I reflected upon the types of utilitarian pottery that may have existed in the eighteenth-century and even the nineteenth-century homes in the greater Deerfield area - that's the time period when this front door seems to have originally existed in western Massachusetts. I also wondered if the door's original home still stood today. I assume that this door was removed from Deerfield (possibly as part of a demolition) at some point during the twentieth-century.

When I got home - I chose to log onto Historic Deerfield's online collections database to see what I could find in terms of any pottery that may have been discovered in the area. I was interested to see if there was any red earthenware or stoneware that may have been recovered in any type of early context - especially, anything within the area's collection of early homes. Basically, this is the type of pottery that I enjoy most today - objects that are found in an early context of ownership. But, this is a type of ownership that many collectors and museums have also desired for decades now - truthfully, this is really the type of ownership that has been written about by people like the important Cape Cod collector, Charles Cook for almost a century. My hunt is often the same traveled path that many of the longtime collectors today and collectors from generations past have already traveled down. Understandably, it's a lot more-difficult, to discover such an object, in this type of a context today versus thirty or forty or even one-hundred-years ago.

 18th Century Home Located in Newbury, Massachusetts
The Front Door is Said to Have Been Original to an 18th Century Home in Deerfield, Mass.
Another View of the House

This is what I found - and, before I go any further - I want to say that these aren't necessarily the most-spectacular objects; however, the context that they were discovered within is what makes them so interesting today. It's very-likely that both of these objects were produced no more than twenty-miles away from Deerfield before 1830.

According to Historic Deerfield, "This pot is probably an example of locally-made, hand-thrown redware, and could have been made at any of the local potteries such as those in Whately, Ashfield or Northampton, Massachusetts. The donor found this pot during renovations between the walls of the Herman Field (1790-1842) house in Leveritt, Massachusetts. Field, was instrumental in founding Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts (which was founded in 1821)."

Due to the condition of this pot - and, really, the lack of any outstanding glaze - I wouldn't even know where to begin to try and determine where this object was made. Although, due to the context that it was discovered within - I would agree and say that it was probably made at one of the local potter's businesses in the nearby towns that the museum cites. I would also like to add that the form does slightly resemble some of the handled pots that were produced in Peabody (formerly South Danvers), Massachusetts and Concord, New Hampshire in the early-to-mid nineteenth-century (before 1840). Coincidentally, both of these areas are connected today due to a potter, who traveled to Concord after he apprenticed in Peabody. It's possibly that this pot may possess that same type of relationship to a potter or a potter's business that began in the huge industry located in Essex County, Massachusetts.

Early 19th Century Red Earthenware Pot Discovered in Leveritt, Mass.
Found During Renovations in the Walls of the Herman Field House
Likely a Product Produced by a Potter Located Near Deerfield, Mass.
Circa 1800-1815
Stands 7 1/4" Tall
 Photo Courtesy: Historic Deerfield - Deerfield, Mass.

This next object really interests me since the overall red earthenware output from this potter's business is not widely known despite producing red earthenware for roughly thirty-years - instead, this particular potter is mostly known for his red earthenware teapots and stoneware production today. I feel it would be really helpful if more from this potter's output could be published today, which would include the red earthenware forms of jugs, pitchers, pots, crocks, pans, jars and such. They were all produced at this potter's business, but most of this material is not easily available - nor, is it completely understood. However, I believe there is surviving archaeological evidence today that represents a lot of this important information.

According to Historic Deerfield, "This large jug (stands 10 3/8" tall) is attributed to the potter, Thomas Crafts (1781-1861), who was one of the most successful potters in Whately (a town just south of Deerfield). Crafts began making redware pottery in 1802, developing a successful teapot business, which sold throughout New England, especially his black lead-glazed teapots. Thomas switched to salt-glazed stoneware in 1833 and was active until 1848, turning over the business to his sons.

This jug (missing handle) was bought at Ken Miller's Auction Barn in Northfield, Massachusetts (July 21, 1999), from the collection of Henry Baldwin, a collector and author on books written about Whately pottery. The jug was found in the cellar of the oldest home in Whately shortly before it burned (year not cited), which was owned by Baldwin's father in-law (the jug was discovered when he acquired the home)."

This jug shows evidence of crackling and glaze separation that occurred during the firing process - I want to note that this type of glaze is not often attributed to Whately or the Thomas Crafts Pottery today. Rather, it is often said to have been a style that was commonly found on products made in Maine, western New York, Ontario and Virginia in the 1800's. However, I bet that there are examples of red earthenware made at the Crafts Pottery, which exist today - that are probably attributed to one of the areas that I just cited. In fact - a similar glaze was also accomplished at the Abner S. Wight Pottery in West Sterling, Massachusetts in the 1860's.

The saying really holds true here that you typically cannot attribute a certain object on glaze alone. A longtime collector once told me that "the form never lies" - that's been a statement that I have always tried to consider when pursuing an object for its true origin.

Large 19th Century Red Earthenware Jug Attributed to the Thomas Crafts Pottery - Whately, Mass.
Found Years Ago in the Cellar of the Oldest Home in Whately, Mass.
Circa 1825-1830
Stands 10 3/8" Tall
Photo Courtesy: Historic Deerfield - Deerfield, Mass.

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Wednesday, December 23, 2015

An Incredible 18th Century Philadelphia Red Earthenware Coffee Pot

This article quickly showcases what is arguably the finest colonial red earthenware coffee pot known from an American potter. Philadelphia archaeologist and materials specialist, Debbie Miller brought this object as part of her presentation at the annual Dish Camp conference in 2013 at Historic Eastfield Village in upstate New York.

This remarkable coffee pot was reportedly uncovered by archaeologists at Franklin Court in Philadelpha within a circa 1740 to 1760 archaeological context. Presumably, the glaze was an attempt by a Philadelphia potter, who tried to imitate the popular glazes that were manufactured by Thomas Whieldon in England during the same period.

18th Century Philadelphia Coffee Pot
 18th Century Red Earthenware Coffee Pot Uncovered at Franklin Court in Philadelphia
Recovered Within a 1740-1760 Archaeological Context
The Glaze Imitates Thomas Whieldon-Style Glazes Applied During the Same Period in England
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: National Parks Services Philadelphia Archaeology Department - Philadelphia
Another View of the Coffee Pot
Photo Courtesy: National Parks Services Philadelphia Archaeology Department - Philadelphia, PA

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

An Incredible Green-Glazed Red Earthenware Pitcher that I Purchased this Week

Christmas came a few days early this week at my house in Newburyport, Massachusetts - when, a friend of mine, Samuel Herrup visited - and, he brought along one of the most spectacular green-glazed red earthenware pitchers that is attributed to the early utilitarian potters in southeastern Massachusetts. Sam told me that he has owned this beautiful object for over twenty-years - and, luckily, I am now the proud new owner.

When I first began collecting and studying red earthenware, Sam Herrup was one of the people, who I learned a great deal from. He's always been more-than generous to share information, for those, who have a true interest in the subject. I honestly believe that there is only so much information that can be learned from reading books and from what appears at various auctions. If this is all a person is exposed to then they may not find a complete understanding of the rarer forms and objects that were produced. These types of objects often reside today in experienced collections assembled by private collectors - and, local and national museums.

Luckily, I have also had the opportunity to photograph dozens of important collections, which has given me insight into some of the rarer eighteenth and nineteenth-century American-made objects that are known today. There are often cases where objects are not illustrated in books or easily available in museums - rather, these types of products are owned by veteran collectors, who have picked and sought the 'best-of-the-best' and the 'rarest-of-the-rare' for decades.

Personally, I consider this pitcher to be a part of that 'rarest' group. I've always marveled at this object each time that I have visited Sam to view his wonderful personal collection, which, overall, focuses on the aesthetics found in American-made redware. I believe that every collector is a little different - and, Sam has generally focused on the artistry and the creativeness found in the rarer red earthenware that survives today. There are some collectors, who focus on provenance, the history of an object, a specific region, or a certain maker, but Sam has always focused on the appearance of red earthenware no matter where it was made.

This pitcher is the only example in this form with a green-glaze that I know of today. The only other example that I am aware of was published in 1926 in John Spargo's book, 'Early American Pottery and China' - interestingly, that same object was previously on display in a prominent antiques exhibition in Boston in 1925. Unfortunately, I don't know where this published pitcher resides today - in fact, I don't even know if the published pitcher survives today. But, it is the only other example that I have been able to find that relates.

The author of 'Early American Pottery and China,' John Spargo and the pitcher's owner (in 1926), Mrs. William Whitman, Jr. attribute the pitcher to Barnstable, Massachusetts, which is located on Cape Cod. I don't agree with the attribution. I believe it was made further west within one of the communities west of New Bedford, Massachusetts that border the Taunton River. Instead, I feel the object was perhaps found in Barnstable - and, that's probably how the attribution developed.

I feel this pitcher could be an honest eighteenth-century example that dates from the circa 1780 to 1810 period. I think the fact that this form is so-rare today may suggest that it could date from the late-1700's. The color of the green-glaze is really breathtaking. There are also shades of yellow or a really light orange that drip down from a few spots around the rim. The size of this pitcher is surprising - it stands a little more-than eleven-inches tall.

This is an object that was cherished by a well-known collector since the mid-1990's - a collector, who has seriously searched and continues to explore for the 'best' and the 'rarest' redware since he began collecting in the early-1980's. I'm glad that I was given the opportunity to own this object only days before Christmas. This may not be a Christmas tree, but that green-glaze is absolutely stunning!

Very-Rare 19th Century Green-Glazed Red Earthenware Pitcher - Southeastern Massachusetts
This is the Only Example that I am Aware of in this Form Today
The Only Comparable Object was Published in 1926 in 'Early American Pottery and China'
I Don't Know the Whereabouts of the Published Example Today
Circa 1780-1810
Stands 11 1/8" Tall
 View of the Handle
I Also Enjoy the Yellow or Light-Orange that Drips Down from Some Areas Along the Rim
Another View of the Pitcher
The Ovoid Bell is Wonderful

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...


Monday, December 21, 2015

An Interesting Cobalt-Glazed Red Earthenware Jug that was Recently Discovered in New Hampshire

I found the following blue-glazed (the color reminds me of a blue robin's egg) red earthenware jug in an antique shop last Friday, while I was out Christmas shopping and picking for pottery near central New Hampshire. I took a gamble on this small hand-sized object; however, everything about it appeared right to me for what should be expected of a utilitarian red earthenware jug produced in the nineteenth-century.

When I quickly analyzed this object in the store - I noticed that it slightly imitated the form of an American-made stoneware jug from the 1800's. It also appeared that the base had been covered in a clear-glaze.

Honestly, I'm not sure where this jug was made, but I do know that similar objects were produced in places like western New York and Pennsylvania in the nineteenth and twentieth-centuries - these areas incorporated cobalt into some of the glaze techniques - and, in some cases, the potter was actually intentionally trying to imitate stoneware (Lorenzo Johnson / Erie County, New York).

The most impressive example of red earthenware that I have seen decorated with some blue in the glaze is a large dish that was uncovered in Philadelphia within a mid-eighteenth-century archaeological context. The reason that I am mentioning the Philadelphia-made dish is because it seems to be the earliest known example of American-made red earthenware that was decorated with a rare blue-glaze (I assume it as cobalt). Typically, this is a glaze-color that is not known to have been used at most American red earthenware potter's businesses in the eighteenth or nineteenth-centuries. Instead, it was a method commonly applied by European - and, later, American stoneware potters that goes back centuries.

The businesses that probably applied a cobalt-type of glaze the most on red earthenware produced in Pennsylvania were likely the John Bell Pottery in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania and the Stahl Pottery in Powder Valley, Pennsylvania. I should note that this was not a regular practice, either - a cobalt-type of glaze on any kind of red earthenware product is very-rare to find today.

Unfortunately, I don't think the following jug is related to either business since the John Bell Pottery and the Stahl Pottery signed the vast majority of the products that they produced. The John Bell Pottery often incorporated a company stamp onto nearly everything that was produced from simple crocks to the more elaborate objects - while, the Stahl family actually inscribed the base on many of the objects that they produced. The jug that I found in New Hampshire does not bear any type of potter's mark.

I've also considered an Ontario origin such as the Eby Pottery in Waterloo Township, Ontario - the Ontario province was a region that had strong ties to the Pennsylvania-Germans, which saw many pioneers migrate from the Pennsylvania region to Ontario in the 1800's. Pennsylvania-German potters were very-much a part of this migration - and, ultimately, these potters played a heavy influence in Ontario-made pottery in the nineteenth-century.

Furthermore, I would probably suggest that this jug was made during the circa 1840 to 1880 period, but I guess a twentieth-century argument could also be had since I don't know a lot about it. After that - I really don't know where this object was made, but I do have some theories; however, I am not convinced of any of those ideas, just, yet.

Admittedly, I am most-curious to know, whether, this jug could be related to the western New York and Ontario region during the 1840 to 1880 period that I cite above. None-the-less, this is a neat little jug that really captured my attention when I first saw it sitting in a glass case among a group of glass bottles and common red earthenware. I'm hopeful, that, with a little research, this jug, will turn out to be something special.

 Late-19th (Possibly 20th Century) Small Cobalt-Decorated Red Earthenware Jug
The Glaze Color Reminds Me of a the Color of a Robin's Egg
Maker Unknown
Made by Either an American or a Canadian Potter
Stands 4" Tall
Recently Found in an Antique Shop Near Central New Hampshire
 Another View of the Small Jug
 View of the Handle
View of the Base
The Base Appears to Have Been Covered in a Clear Glaze

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Sunday, December 20, 2015

A Pair of 19th Century Red Earthenware Jugs that were Recently Discovered in New Hampshire

Today, I would like to show a few nineteenth-century red earthenware jugs that I picked this weekend - this first object appeared at the Milford, New Hampshire Antiques Show a few weeks ago. A friend purchased it for $35. He said the jug didn't come with much of a history other than being found at the antique show. Afterwards, he offered it for me - and, I couldn't resist the opportunity to purchase the jug. The green-glaze really shines when it is placed in direct sunlight.

My feeling is that this jug was made during the circa 1840 to 1880 period. Similar formed jugs have been attributed to a variety of potter's businesses in Maine before. The glaze is also reminiscent to some products produced at the Safford family potteries in Monmouth, Maine.

I don't know what specific potter's business is responsible for this jug; although, I do feel it was made in Maine. There's a chance that it was made at one of the potter's businesses in the southern part of the state; however, it could also have been produced further north at a place like one if the Safford Potteries in Monmouth.

 19th Century Green-Glazed Red Earthenware Jug Likely Made in Maine
Circa 1840-1880
Stands 6 3/4" Tall
Recently Purchased at the Milford, NH Antiques Show
 View of the Handle
View of the Base

This next jug was recently discovered at an estate sale in Epsom, New Hampshire. The form of the jug is a classic form that was produced at the William Pecker Pottery in Merrimacport, Massachusetts during the circa 1790-1820 period. However, the glaze is somewhat unusual for this business - and, thus why I purchased this jug.

Any type of jug is considered very-rare from the Pecker Pottery today.  I would classify this jug as a medium-sized object from the Pecker Pottery standing about eight-inches tall. The characteristics that stand out to me as styles that I would attribute to William Pecker's business are the rim, the incised lines, the form of the handle, the ovoid body and the footed base.

 Early-19th Century Red Earthenware Jug Likely Made at the William Pecker Pottery
The Form is a Known Pecker Pottery Style - Merrimacport, Mass.
Circa 1790-1820
Stands 8" Tall
Recently Found in an Epsom, NH Estate
 View of the Handle
 Another View of the Jug
View of the Base

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

Friday, December 18, 2015

The Shaker Communities and Their Connection to the 19th Century American Pottery Industry

In 2011, Crocker Farm in Sparks, Maryland sold a diminutive stoneware jar that was attributed to the New Lebanon, New York Shaker community. They described it as an "extremely rare Shaker stoneware jar stamped 'UNITED BRETHREN / NEW LEBANON,' New York (origin) from circa 1830. The cylindrical jar was manufactured with a tooled shoulder and an inward curving rim. The surface is covered in a salt-glaze over a brownish slip. The impressed inscription is extremely rare. This jar is possibly the only example of stoneware made for the (New Lebanon) Shaker community in existence. The consignor (Maine collector) purchased the jar in 1986, from Rich Rosso, a prominent dealer in Shaker items."


19th Century Stoneware Jar From the New Lebanon Shaker Community in New York
Impressed 'UNITED BRETHREN / NEW LEBANON'
Circa 1830
Stands 3 3/8" Tall
Photo Courtesy: Crocker Farm - Sparks, MD

I recently acquired a very-similar stoneware jar, which resembles the example that Crocker Farm sold. Accompanied with the jar, was a note, that described its connection to Mount Lebanon - and, why it is thought to have been made for that community.

The note reads, "(This jar) was purchased at the Merrimac Valley (Massachusetts) Bottle Show in September of 1984. Dave Buddenhagen dug this behind the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village. It washed up in a stream behind the village. Dave works at the Shaker Village. Judging from other items he found there; circa 1830, he believes."

Stoneware Jar Found at the Mount Lebanon Shaker Community
View of the Note that Came with the Stoneware Jar
See Article for More Information

 19th Century Stoneware Jar Recovered at the Mount Lebanon Shaker Community
Form is Similar to the Example that Crocker Farm Sold in Sparks, MD in 2011
Reportedly Circa 1830
Stands 4 3/8" Tall
See Article for More Information

Another View of the Jar
See Article for More Information

View of the Base
See Article for More Information

Although, the only Shaker community that I have been able to associate with archaeology and the production of utilitarian red earthenware is found in Union Village in Ohio. Union Village is located north of Cincinnati, Ohio and just east of the Indiana border.

According to the Warren County Historical Society in Lebanon, Ohio and the archaeology report, 'Simplicity Comes in All Forms: The Shaker Ceramic Industries of Union Village,' "A curve on State Route 741, which passes through the former location of Union Village was slated for realignment; as designed, the realignment passed through the front portion of the North Family Lot. 

Union Village was (reportedly) the only Shaker village that used a pottery as a means of economic profit. Although there were closer clay deposits (suitable for stoneware production), the North Family preferred a particular vein of red clay to use. The clay was rich in iron giving it a reddish hue (after it was fired in the potter's kiln), thus they made what was commonly called redware.

The earliest mention of pottery production at Union Village was in 1813, with reference to its pipe production. Tobacco smoking pipes, bricks, redware vessels, and hand-thrown drain pipe production were referenced in numerous records until around 1848. The last mention of any Union Village pottery was the sale of the machinery and remaining ceramic wares in 1851.

The excavation uncovered evidence of an active ceramic industry including redware pottery, smoking pipe bowls, dainpipes, and bricks, with a special emphasis on the first two items. 

The Shaker ceramic industry has not been well studied; in fact, many previous researchers relegated ceramic production at Union Village to the status of a minor endeavor, if not an outright fantasy. The archaeology proved that the latter idea is about as far from the truth as can be. The Union Village Pottery was a small-scale redware pottery that operated for at least twenty-four years in two different locations in the village."

Union Village, Ohio Red Earthenware
Large 19th Century Red Earthenware Jar Attributed to Stephen Easton - Union Village, OH
The Base is Inscribed and Dated
Circa 1827
Photo Courtesy: Warren County Historical Society Museum - Lebanon, OH
Base of the Jar is Inscribed 'August the 19, 1827 / Stephen'
Photo Courtesy: Warren County Historical Society Museum - Lebanon, OH
19th Century Red Earthenware Jar Attributed to Stephen Easton - Union Village, OH
Circa 1830
Photo Courtesy: Warren County Historical Society Museum - Lebanon, OH
19th Century Slip Decorated Sherds Attributed to the Union Village Pottery - Union Village, OH
Sherds Recovered at the Site of the Union Village Pottery
Circa 1820-1848
Photo Courtesy: Warren County Historical Society Museum - Lebanon, OH
19th Century Red Earthenware Flower Pot Made at the Union Village Pottery - Union Village, OH
The Base is Inscribed in Pencil 'Shaker Pot'
Circa 1820-1848
Photo Courtesy: Warren County Historical Society Museum - Lebanon, OH

The only other reference that I could find of red earthenware or stoneware associated with a Shaker community was a rare object that sold through a Tim Gould sale in Augusta, Maine in 2012 - stenciled across the front of the jug, it reads, 'Shaker Brand / Ketchup / E.D. Pettengill Co. / Portland, ME.' 

According to Tim Gould, "This rare Pettengill Shaker ketchup jug is one of the very-few known examples. Shaker ketchup was made at the Sabathday Lake, Maine Shaker community. In the manuscripts of Elder Henry Green of Sabathday Lake, it is noted that many large barrels of ketchup were being shipped to Portland. A logical assumption is that the maker of the stoneware jug was E. Swasey of Portland, as their pottery was just a few doors down from Pettengill (on Commercial Street), who was the distributor of Shaker Ketchup. This Shaker jug was discussed in two different articles that appeared in Maine Antique Digest. The articles were penned by the noted antiques researcher, scholar and author, Marius Peladeau of Readfield, Maine."

Sabathday Lake, Maine Stoneware Jug
19th Century Shaker Brand Ketchup Stoneware Jug - Portland, ME
The Ketchup was Made at the Shaker Community in Sabathday Lake, ME
This Jug is Thought to Have Been Made at the Swasey Pottery in Portland, ME
Published Twice in Maine Antique Digest
Stands 11 1/2" Tall
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: Tim Gould - Smithfield, ME
 View of the Stenciled Merchant Information
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: Tim Gould - Smithfield, ME
 Another View of the Jug
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: Tim Gould - Smithfield, ME
 View of the Handle
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: Tim Gould - Smithfield, ME
View of the Base
See Article for More Information
Photo Courtesy: Tim Gould - Smithfield, ME

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...