A Remarkable Example of Inscribed Tin Glazed Red Earthenware from Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

As I noted in an article posted earlier today, John Bell (1800-1880) learned the potter's craft from his father Peter Bell (1775-1847) in Hagerstown, Maryland and later in Winchester, Virginia. But he eventually traveled to Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, establishing his own pottery in 1833, which operated in some capacity until 1908.

Prominently displayed on the second floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro is this remarkable tin-glazed red earthenware jar made by Bell's son, John W. Bell. The jar is decorated with a cobalt floral design. However, this jar is also inscribed below the rim in cobalt, "APRIL 22, 1858 / WAYNESBORO." The base has been inscribed "JWB."

Inscribed Tin-Glazed Red Earthenware

19th Century Tin Glazed Red Earthenware Jar

Made by John W. Bell in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

Inscribed Below the Rim "APRIL 22, 1858 / WAYNESBORO"

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Another View of the Jar

Inscribed Below the Rim "APRIL 22, 1858 / WAYNESBORO"

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

The Base was also Signed by John W. Bell

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

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The Collection of Bell Family Red Earthenware on Display at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

Last week, I visited the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania in order to view the museum's collection of nineteenth century Bell family red earthenware and stoneware from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. Although, the comprehensive collection of wares made in Waynesboro is the largest of its kind on public display in America today.

A few days ago, I wrote, "Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, John Bell (1800-1880) learned the potter's trade from his father Peter Bell (1775-1847), and he later emerged as one of America's preeminent red earthenware and stoneware potters in Waynesboro once his pottery opened in 1833. While there he and his wife Elizabeth had nine children several of whom joined the family business. 

In many ways, Bell's techniques and innovative glazes are among the best produced during the period; many scholars even refer to much of Bell's red earthenware production as the best in America.

Upon Bell's death in 1880, his son John W. Bell (1828-1895), who worked for his father for many years, gained ownership of the pottery, and operated the Waynesboro business from 1881 until his death in 1895. The business eventually caught fire and burned in 1899. The Bell pottery in Waynesboro ended production all-together in 1908."

The Renfrew Museum's collection is truly remarkable exhibiting hundreds of examples of pottery; aside from the objects made in Waynesboro, the museum also owns a large collection of molds, which are responsible for many of the wares that are so recognizable from this business today. But the museum also owns some of the most incredible red earthenware objects manufactured in this country in the 1800s, such as a pair of polychrome decorated red earthenware lions and another lion made by John Bell's brother, Solomon Bell in Strasburg, Virginia, as well as a dated and signed tin-glazed red earthenware jar inscribed "APRIL 22, 1833 / WAYNESBORO," some objects made for the Snow Hill Society in nearby Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and a phenomenal red earthenware water cooler.

I will write more specific articles later this week and next about some of the more significant pieces on display. But this is also a museum exhibit that should not be missed, which is mostly on display in the Renfrew Museum's Visitors Center, and the remainder is displayed on the first and second floor of the circa 1812 Royer-Nicodemus House

Note: Many of the wares displayed in the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum came from the Nicodemus Center for Ceramic Studies; according to the museum, "The Nicodemus Center for Ceramic Studies is a non-profit organization in Waynesboro that preserves, collects, exhibits and interprets historic folk pottery, while conducting an active ceramics art studio program."

Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Mostly John Bell Pottery

Displayed on the Second Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of  Mostly 19th Century Red Earthenware from Pennsylvania

Displayed on the First Floor of the Royer-Nicodemus House at the Renfrew Museum

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Visitors Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

Collection of Bell Family Pottery

Display in the Visitor's Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Bell Family Pottery

Display in the Visitor's Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Bell Family Pottery

Display in the Visitor's Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Bell Family Pottery

Display in the Visitor's Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Collection of Bell Family Pottery

Display in the Visitor's Center at the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, PA

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Photo Courtesy: Renfrew Museum

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...

The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

A few days ago, I wrote, "Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, John Bell learned the potter's trade from his father Peter Bell (1775-1847), and he later emerged as one of America's preeminent red earthenware and stoneware potters in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania in the nineteenth century. In many ways, his techniques and innovative glazes are among the best produced during the period; many scholars even refer to much of Bell's red earthenware production as the best in America.

Upon Bell's death in 1880, his son John W. Bell (1828-1895), who worked for his father for many years, gained ownership of the pottery, and operated the Waynesboro business in its final years of operation from 1881 until his death in 1895. The business eventually caught fire and burned in 1899."

As I wrote last week, I visited the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, in order to view the museum's collection of more than 200 pieces of red earthenware and stoneware associated with the Bell family's pottery production in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia in the 1800s. However, before I post that I article this week, I want to show the site of the pottery as it appears today, located about one mile from the museum in downtown Waynesboro.

There is nothing left to see from the pottery's operation, but it is still exciting to stand at this location, knowing that such an incredible amount of red earthenware and stoneware was manufactured here. The site is now the location of a parking lot and a restaurant called Waynesburgers.

I admit that I did quickly scan the area for any exposed sherds, but I could not find anything; I expect that this archaeological evidence left the area long ago. But in retrospect, the history of this corner is really amazing, and as one person at the Renfrew Museum said to me, "The Bells really put the town of Waynesboro on the map. This is what we are most famous for today."

The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

 The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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  The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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  The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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  The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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  The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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  The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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 The Site of John Bell's Pottery in Waynesboro, PA

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A Piece of 19th Century Advertising from the C.A. Lawrence Pottery in Beverly, Massachusetts that was Just Discovered in Australia

This is another piece of nineteenth century advertising that I was able to acquire from Charles A. Lawrence's circa 1860s to 1906 pottery in Beverly, Massachusetts. Interestingly, this double-sided card was just remarkably discovered in Australia.

The brands of production boldly printed on the left side of this card are really important in the understanding of how this company operated; for instance, aside from this company's production that I have already previously written about, this piece of paper also acknowledges the production of chicken founts (or chicken feeders). This is a type of production that I have already identified from Moses Paige's circa 1876-1945 pottery in Peabody, Massachusetts, based on information kept in account books owned by the Peabody Historical Society.

However, this is the first time that I have seen chicken founts associated with the C.A. Lawrence Pottery in Beverly. I should also note that I have found eight red earthenware chicken feeders throughout various contexts in the Cape Ann area in Massachusetts - these objects are all very similar in size and form; I had thought they were all made at the Paige Pottery in Peabody, but I must now consider the fact that some of them were also likely made in Beverly.

Nevertheless, the aspect about this piece of paper that may be the most notable is the fact that it was mailed to a merchant in New Gloucester, Maine on May 11, 1880, acknowledging a shipment of red earthenware en route to northern New England.

C.A. Lawrence Pottery Advertising from Beverly, Mass.

19th Century Advertising from the Charles A. Lawrence Pottery in Beverly, Mass.

This Double-Sided Card was Shipped to a Merchant in New Gloucester, ME on May 11, 1880

This Paperwork was also Just Discovered in a Collection in Australia

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A Red Earthenware Ewer Possibly Made by John Bell's Daughter, Mary Elizabeth Bell in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania

I have not been able to find a lot of information that relates to Mary Elizabeth Bell (1829-1914), daughter of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania potter John Bell (1800-1880). Although she is known to have been employed at the Waynesboro pottery in the late-1800s.

Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, John Bell learned the potter's trade from his father Peter Bell (1775-1847), and he later emerged as one of America's preeminent red earthenware and stoneware potters in the nineteenth century. In many ways, his techniques and innovative glazes are among the best produced during the period; many scholars even refer to much of Bell's red earthenware production as the best in America.

Upon Bell's death in 1880, his son John W. Bell (1828-1895), who worked for his father for many years, gained ownership of the pottery, and operated the Waynesboro business from 1881 until his death in 1895. Mary Elizabeth, John W.'s sister was employed during her brother's management as a decorator and also signed pieces, although there are very few known to exist today.

In 1929, authors Alvin H. Rice and John Baer Stoudt published The Shenandoah Pottery, which is a book that is still regularly cited and referenced today; illustrated on page 39 is a large skillfully made painted red earthenware vase decorated with applied roses, leaves, stems and grapes. A similar decorated object was sold in October 2016 at Crocker Farm in Sparks, Maryland, where the quality and style of applied roses, leaves and stems appeared like they could be related to the vase published in 1929.

It should also be noted that roses were a style of applied production found with some Mid-Atlantic potters in the late-nineteenth century; however, the majority of these decorative styles are largely different than what was published by Rice and Stoudt and attributed to Mary Elizabeth Bell.

Nevertheless, I acquired this wonderful painted red earthenware ewer this past winter from Sagamore, Massachusetts antiques dealer Brian Cullity. He said he found it decades ago in the Mid-Atlantic Region, and he felt it could have been decorated by Mary Elizabeth Bell. In fact, the style of the roses, leaves and stems very closely relate to the style published about her production. However, the vase is also dated in pencil on the base "1888," which is from the period when she is known to have been employed with her brother John W. Bell.

Note: It should be taken into consideration that the round belly and long neck found on the ewer also resemble the vase attributed to Mary Elizabeth Bell by Rice and Stoudt in The Shenandoah Pottery.

Wonderful Red Earthenware Ewer with Applied Decoration

19th Century Red Earthenware Ewer

Applied Rose, Leaf and Stem Decoration Closely Resemble Production from Mary Elizabeth Bell

Found Decades Ago in the Mid-Atlantic Region

Dated in Pencil on the Base "1888"

Stands 11 14" Tall

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View of the Handle

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Dated in Pencil on the Base "1888"

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Vase Attributed to Mary Elizabeth Bell in the Book The Shenandoah Pottery

19th Century Red Earthenware Vase with Applied Floral and Grape Decoration

Made by Mary Elizabeth Bell in Waynesboro, PA

Circa 1881-1895

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19th Century Red Earthenware Jar with Original Merchant Label from Emmitsburg, Maryland

I traveled to New York and Pennsylvania earlier this week in order to study two private collections, but I also visited Henry Mercer's (1856-1930) Moravian Pottery and Tile Works and Fonthill Castle in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, as well the Renfrew Museum in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania. I will write about both of these experiences in the next week or so.

But while in the process of visiting these places, I acquired this really unusual nineteenth century red earthenware apothecary jar with its original tin lid, which I believe was very likely made by one of the potters who were employed in Waynesboro in the 1800s.

The aspect about this object that really spoke to me was the fact that it retained its original nineteenth century merchant label from West Main Street in Emmitsburg, Maryland.  Interestingly, I actually drove through Emmitsburg on my way to the Renfrew Museum and the distance was about 15 miles.

Attached underneath the lid is an old label that reads, "Redware drug jar with original label / uncommon form - 19th century / glazed interior - exterior surface purposely left unglazed to be painted in any color for instant identification. Possibly made by John Bell pottery."

I should also note that I have seen a small group of these type of druggist jars before, but the lids are usually in bad condition or adhered to the jar, and the label is typically too far gone to determine any type of identification. The exterior paint is also often in bad condition, as well.

Emmitsburg, MD

19th Century Red Earthenware Apothecary Jar Likely from Waynesboro, PA

Retains Original Merchant Label from West Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Main Street in Emmitsburg, MD

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Red Earthenware Jar with Original Merchant Label from Emmitsburg, MD

19th Century Red Earthenware Apothecary Jar Likely Made in Waynesboro, PA

Exterior Painted Green, Interior Glazed

Retains Origin Label from Emmitsburg, MD

Also Retains Original Tin Lid

Stands 6 3/4" Tall

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 View of the Original Merchant Label

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 View of the Back

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 View of the Glazed Interior

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 View of the Base

Notice the Kiln Furniture Mark

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View of the Old Label Adhered to the Tin Lid

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A Wonderful Red Earthenware Jar in the Collection of the Wadsworth Antheneum in Hartford, Connecticut

Over the weekend, I posted an article that demonstrated some examples of late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century red earthenware production from the Nathaniel Seymour Pottery and Thomas O'Hara Goodwin's pottery in West Hartford, Connecticut. But I also wrote, "While Seymour's business is widely known today for its wonderful slip decoration, both businesses can be overlooked for the type of wares that were produced adorned with other styles of glazes."

The glaze found on this jar is an example of the type of production that can be overlooked today. I saw this jar on display as part of the Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection at the Wadsworth Antheneum Museum of Art in Hartford, Connecticut. The museum did not provide a specific attribution, but it was certainly produced at either the Seymour or Goodwin Pottery in West Hartford, likely in the early-nineteenth century.

I should also note that I have only ever seen one other lid like this before, which is privately owned in Pennsylvania today. There may be others in existence, but this is the only example that I can recall.

I would also like to add that a lot of slip-decoration was manufactured in West Hartford during this period, and not all of the styles are widely recognized or even well-documented today. In fact, some of the slip-decoration can even be misinterpreted for production elsewhere in New England and along the east coast.

Red Earthenware Jar from West Hartford, Connecticut

Early-19th Century Red Earthenware Jar with a Slip-Decorated Lid

Attributed to the Industry in West Hartford, CT

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Wonderful Slip-Decorated Lid

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

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The Iconic Slip-Decorated Red Earthenware Pitcher Owned by the Wadsworth Antheneum in Hartford, Connecticut

This is arguable the most iconic example of Connecticut red earthenware in existence today; this large late-eighteenth or early-nineteenth century slip-decorated red earthenware pitcher from the Nathaniel Seymour Pottery in West Hartford, Connecticut is among the objects from the Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection on display at the Wadsworth Antheneum Museum of Art in Hartford, Connecticut. It was also illustrated on a full-page in figure 44 in Lura Woodside Watkins' book Early New England Potters and Their Wares. The pitcher stands well-over twelve inches tall.

I have always felt that the size of this pitcher, combined with the slip-decoration, placed this object as the very-best surviving piece of red earthenware known from the Seymour Pottery today. There are certainly some great examples in existence, but nothing that quite compares to this object. For instance, a small slip-decorated pitcher standing just under seven inches tall sold at Sotheby's in New York City in January 2014, but the rim had been ground likely to get rid of chipping or damage, and there is also a wonderful slip-decorated pitcher standing nine inches tall owned by the Connecticut Historical Society. Other objects include those pictured in a feature story published by the American Folk Art Museum in New York City in 2002, a great slip-decorated ring flask sold by Jeffrey S. Evans and Associates in Mount Crawford, Virginia in 2016, a slip-decorated bowl in the collection of the Little Compton Historical Society in Rhode Island, as well as many other objects that are privately owned today.

However, I was able to acquire a previously undocumented jar a few years ago from a good friend that I believe is the object that is closest related to the pitcher owned by the Wadsworth Antheneum. This jar stands well over eleven inches tall, and is adorned with a bright glaze and covered with slip decoration, all of which match the style of production found on the pitcher from the Pitkin Collection at the Wadsworth Antheneum.

Nathaniel Seymour Pottery Red Earthenware Jar, West Hartford, CT

Late-18th or Early-19th Century Slip-Decorated Red Earthenware Pitcher

Attributed to the Nathaniel Seymour Pottery in West Hartford, CT

Circa 1800

Stands 12 1/2" Tall

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

View of the Handle

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Another View of the Handle

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Information on Display with the Pitcher

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Nathaniel Seymour Pottery Red Earthenware Pitcher, West Hartford, CT

Late-18th or Early-19th Century Slip-Decorated Red Earthenware Jar

Attributed to the Nathaniel Seymour Pottery in West Hartford, CT

Circa 1800

Stands 11 1/2" Tall

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Another View of the Jar

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The Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection of Red Earthenware at the Wadsworth Antheneum in Hartford, Connecticut

As I noted yesterday, the Wadsworth Antheneum Museum of Art in Hartford, Connecticut displays a wonderful collection of red earthenware throughout the second floor, although the exhibit is merely a small example of what the museum actually owns.

According to the Wadsworth Antheneum, "A native and lifelong resident of Hartford, Albert Hastings Pitkin (1852-1917) was among the first to systematically study and collect early American pottery. While visiting a local farmhouse in the spring of 1884, his discovery of two pieces of redware, or lead glazed earthenware pottery, spurred his passion for ceramics. Pitkin soon amassed a collection and became known as the leading authority on New England earthenware. In 1910 he joined the staff at the Wadsworth Antheneum as curator of the department of ceramics. During his tenure, he oversaw the installation of his own collections in the Morgan Memorial, and upon his death, his wife, Sarah Howard Loomis Pitkin, donated over three hundred objects to the museum."

This is an outstanding collection, which I definitely feel should be much more cited today seeing that Pitkin was among that first wave of academic New England red earthenware collectors. Obviously it was on a lesser scale, but Pitkin's involvement with red earthenware in New England was during the same period that Robert Weeks (1848-1931) and Emily Johnston De Forest (1851-1942) helped build the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City to what it is known for today, especially some of the museum's domestic red earthenware collection.

Among the pictures from the Pitkin Collection posted below is a nineteenth century red earthenware turtle bottle, which the Wadsworth Antheneum says was made in Connecticut. At this time, I don't have any further information on the accuracy of the attribution, although I will post an article in the next  week or so showing two wonderful nineteenth century red earthenware lions that were reportedly also made in Connecticut. I don't believe this type of animal production is widely associated with Connecticut's red earthenware industry today.

About Albert Hastings Pitkin

Poster About Albert Hastings Pitkin on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

How Ceramics were Originally Displayed by Pitkin at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Biography About Albert Hastings Pitkin

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

The Albert Hastings Collection of Red Earthenware on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

Some of Albert Hastings Pitkin's Red Earthenware on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Some of Albert Hastings Pitkin's Red Earthenware on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Some of Albert Hastings Pitkin's Red Earthenware on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Some of Albert Hastings Pitkin's Red Earthenware on Display at the Wadsworth Antheneum

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Remarkable 19th Century Slip-Script Red Earthenware Plater, "Hard times in Jersey"

Attributed to George Wolfkiel River Edge, NJ

Circa 1830-1867

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Red Earthenware Jar Attributed to Pennsylvania

Reportedly Made by Thomas Vickers in Chester County, PA

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Late-18th or Early-19th Century Slip-Decorated Red Earthenware Jug

Attributed to the Nathaniel Seymour Pottery in West Hartford, CT

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Slip-Script Red Earthenware Plate, "Mince Pie"

Attributed to the Industry in Norwalk, CT

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Pennsylvania Red Earthenware Dogs

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Red Earthenware Sgraffito Plate Attributed to Pennsylvania

Circa 1804

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Red Earthenware Turtle Bottle Reportedly Made in Connecticut

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Red Earthenware Sgraffito Plate from Pennsylvania

Attributed to Samuel Troxel, Upper Hanover Township, PA

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

19th Century Red Earthenware Jar Decorated with an Eagle

Attributed to Pennsylvania

Circa 1820

Albert Hastings Pitkin Collection

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Photo Courtesy: Wadsworth Antheneum

Please Stay Tuned...Much More to Come...