Thursday, September 24, 2015

A Jug that is Owned by the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. that was Discovered in Gloucester, Massachusetts in the 1930's

Before I go any further with this story - I want to mention that Lura Woodside Watkins landmark 1950 book 'Early New England Potters and Their Wares' is immensely important to the study of New England-made red earthenware and stoneware from the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth-centuries today. This book laid the foundation for what we known today - and, it is the basis for which many research subjects have spawned from. Personally, I have cited Watkins in a few of the articles that I have written for the New England Antiques Journal. Many people would be lost today (myself included) with how the output of so many potter's products appear in New England today. She devoted so much time to not only collecting surviving examples from early contexts throughout New England, but she also took the time to travel to many potter's sites to collect sherd examples and the remains of kiln furniture. All of this information is now available to scholars at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. and Old Sturbridge Village in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. For this, I am very thankful today because I have been able to photograph and study both of these collections in-depth. She really did an incredible job!

Now, with that said, I want to discuss an object that is identified by Watkins in figure 13 of her book as a product that was possibly made by Joseph Gardner (1672-1749) in Gloucester, Massachusetts between 1693-1749. She found the jug in a home in East Gloucester, Massachusetts in the 1930's. I know absolutely nothing about Gardner today - and, how his work may have appeared; however, I am rather certain that this is a mid-nineteenth-century red earthenware jug that was likely produced in western New York or Ontario (attribution based on glaze and form). How this jug traveled all the way from the Ontario and western new York area to coastal New England to only be found in an early context in Gloucester, which suggested to Watkins that it was a very-early locally produced product is a complete puzzle to me. I have zero explanation for why this object appeared where it did almost one-hundred years ago.

A quick history of Joseph Gardner: He was born in Gloucester in 1672. He reportedly learned the potter's trade form his grandfather, William Vinson, an English trained potter, who arrived in Salem, Massachusetts in 1635. Joseph Gardner  had a son, Israel Gardner (died 1771), who was also employed as a potter nearby in the Danvers, Massachusetts area. Israel likely learned the potter's craft from this father.

According to Watkins, "Joseph Gardner bought a small piece of land on the outskirts of Gloucester, on the road to Eastern Point. It is described as being at the 'easterly end of Peter Mud's Neck,' now the junction of Eastern and Rocky Neck Avenues. In 'the house then erected to make earthenware in' Joseph Gardner worked in the dual capacity of potter and fisherman. Although little is known about his career, he was still called 'potter' in 1749, the year of his death. A clay bed and evidence of a clay pit nearby are the only indications of his activities there during nearly sixty years."

It appears that Joseph Gardner found much success in the potter's trade employing the craft as a means to supplement his income as also a Gloucester fisherman. My guess is that he must of been aware of the industry that had grown in Charlestown, Massachusetts in the eighteenth-century - and, the businesses that were tied to Charlestown in South Danvers, Massachusetts and Portsmouth, New Hampshire before 1750.

 Mid-19th Century Red Earthenware Jug Likely Made in Either W. NY or Ontario
Circa 1850
Stands 8 1/2" Tall
Lura Woodside Watkins Collection
Pictured in Figure 13 in the Book 'Early New England Potters and Their Wares'
Photo Courtesy: The National Museum of American History, The Smithsonian - Washington, D.C.
View of the Handle
Photo Courtesy: The National Museum of American History, The Smithsonian - Washington, D.C.

Please Stay Tuned…Much More to Come...

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